导航菜单

  • 0.api
  • 0.Async
  • 0.module
  • 1.ES2015
  • 2.Promise
  • 3.Node
  • 4.NodeInstall
  • 5.REPL
  • 6.NodeCore
  • 7.module&NPM
  • 8.Encoding
  • 9.Buffer
  • 10.fs
  • 11.Stream-1
  • 11.Stream-2
  • 11.Stream-3
  • 11.Stream-4
  • 12-Network-2
  • 12.NetWork-3
  • 12.Network-1
  • 13.tcp
  • 14.http-1
  • 14.http-2
  • 15.compress
  • 16.crypto
  • 17.process
  • 18.yargs
  • 19.cache
  • 20.action
  • 21.https
  • 22.cookie
  • 23.session
  • 24.express-1
  • 24.express-2
  • 24.express-3
  • 24.express-4
  • 25.koa-1
  • 26.webpack-1-basic
  • 26.webpack-2-optimize
  • 26.webpack-3-file
  • 26.webpack-4.tapable
  • 26.webpack-5-AST
  • 26.webpack-6-sources
  • 26.webpack-7-loader
  • 26.webpack-8-plugin
  • 26.webpack-9-hand
  • 26.webpack-10-prepare
  • 28.redux
  • 28.redux-jwt-back
  • 28.redux-jwt-front
  • 29.mongodb-1
  • 29.mongodb-2
  • 29.mongodb-3
  • 29.mongodb-4
  • 29.mongodb-5
  • 29.mongodb-6
  • 30.cms-1-mysql
  • 30.cms-2-mysql
  • 30.cms-3-mysql
  • 30.cms-4-nunjucks
  • 30.cms-5-mock
  • 30.cms-6-egg
  • 30.cms-7-api
  • 30.cms-8-roadhog
  • 30.cms-9-yaml
  • 30.cms-10-umi
  • 30.cms-12-dva
  • 30.cms-13-dva-ant
  • 30.cms-14-front
  • 30.cms-15-deploy
  • 31.dva
  • 31.cms-13-dva-antdesign
  • 33.redis
  • 34.unittest
  • 35.jwt
  • 36.websocket-1
  • 36.websocket-2
  • 38.chat-api-1
  • 38.chat-api-2
  • 38.chat-3
  • 38.chat-api-3
  • 38.chat
  • 38.chat2
  • 38.chat2
  • 39.crawl-0
  • 39.crawl-1
  • 39.crawl-2
  • 40.deploy
  • 41.safe
  • 42.test
  • 43.nginx
  • 44.enzyme
  • 45.docker
  • 46.elastic
  • 47.oauth
  • 48.wxpay
  • index
  • 52.UML
  • 53.design
  • index
  • 54.linux
  • 57.ts
  • 56.react-ssr
  • 58.ts_react
  • 59.ketang
  • 59.ketang2
  • 61.1.devops-linux
  • 61.2.devops-vi
  • 61.3.devops-user
  • 61.4.devops-auth
  • 61.5.devops-shell
  • 61.6.devops-install
  • 61.7.devops-system
  • 61.8.devops-service
  • 61.9.devops-network
  • 61.10.devops-nginx
  • 61.11.devops-docker
  • 61.12.devops-jekins
  • 61.13.devops-groovy
  • 61.14.devops-php
  • 61.15.devops-java
  • 61.16.devops-node
  • 61.17.devops-k8s
  • 62.1.react-basic
  • 62.2.react-state
  • 62.3.react-high
  • 62.4.react-optimize
  • 62.5.react-hooks
  • 62.6.react-immutable
  • 62.7.react-mobx
  • 62.8.react-source
  • 63.1.redux
  • 63.2.redux-middleware
  • 63.3.redux-hooks
  • 63.4.redux-saga
  • 63.5.redux-saga-hand
  • 64.1.router
  • 64.2.router-connected
  • 65.1.typescript
  • 65.2.typescript
  • 65.3.typescript
  • 65.4.antd
  • 65.4.definition
  • 66-1.vue-base
  • 66-2.vue-component
  • 66-3.vue-cli3.0
  • 66-4.$message组件
  • 66-5.Form组件
  • 66-6.tree
  • 66-7.vue-router-apply
  • 66-8.axios-apply
  • 66-9.vuex-apply
  • 66-10.jwt-vue
  • 66-11.vue-ssr
  • 66-12.nuxt-apply
  • 66-13.pwa
  • 66-14.vue单元测试
  • 66-15.权限校验
  • 67-1-network
  • 68-2-wireshark
  • 7.npm2
  • 69-hooks
  • 70-deploy
  • 71-hmr
  • 72.deploy
  • 73.import
  • 74.mobile
  • 75.webpack-1.文件分析
  • 75.webpack-2.loader
  • 75.webpack-3.源码流程
  • 75.webpack-4.tapable
  • 75.webpack-5.prepare
  • 75.webpack-6.resolve
  • 75.webpack-7.loader
  • 75.webpack-8.module
  • 75.webpack-9.chunk
  • 75.webpack-10.asset
  • 75.webpack-11.实现
  • 76.react_optimize
  • 77.ts_ketang_back
  • 77.ts_ketang_front
  • 78.vue-domdiff
  • 79.grammar
  • 80.tree
  • 81.axios
  • 82.1.react
  • 82.2.react-high
  • 82.3.react-router
  • 82.4.redux
  • 82.5.redux_middleware
  • 82.6.connected
  • 82.7.saga
  • 82.8.dva
  • 82.8.dva-source
  • 82.9.roadhog
  • 82.10.umi
  • 82.11.antdesign
  • 82.12.ketang-front
  • 82.12.ketang-back
  • 83.upload
  • 84.graphql
  • 85.antpro
  • 86.1.uml
  • 86.2.design
  • 87.postcss
  • 88.react16-1
  • 89.nextjs
  • 90.react-test
  • 91.react-ts
  • 92.rbac
  • 93.tsnode
  • 94.1.JavaScript
  • 94.2.JavaScript
  • 94.3.MODULE
  • 94.4.EventLoop
  • 94.5.文件上传
  • 94.6.https
  • 94.7. nginx
  • 95.1. react
  • 95.2.react
  • 96.1.react16
  • 96.2.fiber
  • 96.3.fiber
  • 97.serverless
  • 98.websocket
  • 100.1.react-basic
  • 101.1.monitor
  • 101.2.monitor
  • 102.java
  • 103.1.webpack-usage
  • 103.2.webpack-bundle
  • 103.3.webpack-ast
  • 103.4.webpack-flow
  • 103.5.webpack-loader
  • 103.6.webpack-tapable
  • 103.7.webpack-plugin
  • 103.8.webpack-optimize1
  • 103.9.webpack-optimize2
  • 103.10.webpack-hand
  • 103.11.webpack-hmr
  • 103.11.webpack5
  • 103.13.splitChunks
  • 103.14.webpack-sourcemap
  • 103.15.webpack-compiler1
  • 103.15.webpack-compiler2
  • 103.16.rollup.1
  • 103.16.rollup.2
  • 103.16.rollup.3
  • 103.16.vite.basic
  • 103.16.vite.source
  • 103.16.vite.plugin
  • 103.16.vite.1
  • 103.16.vite.2
  • 103.17.polyfill
  • 104.1.binary
  • 104.2.binary
  • 105.skeleton
  • 106.1.react
  • 106.2.react_hooks
  • 106.3.react_router
  • 106.4.redux
  • 106.5.redux_middleware
  • 106.6.connected-react-router
  • 106.6.redux-first-history
  • 106.7.redux-saga
  • 106.8.dva
  • 106.9.umi
  • 106.10.ketang
  • 106.11.antdesign
  • 106.12.antpro
  • 106.13.router-6
  • 106.14.ssr
  • 106.15.nextjs
  • 106.16.1.cms
  • 106.16.2.cms
  • 106.16.3.cms
  • 106.16.4.cms
  • 106.16.mobx
  • 106.17.fomily
  • 107.fiber
  • 108.http
  • 109.1.webpack_usage
  • 109.2.webpack_source
  • 109.3.dll
  • 110.nest.js
  • 111.xstate
  • 112.Form
  • 113.redux-saga
  • 114.react+typescript
  • 115.immer
  • 116.pro5
  • 117.css-loader
  • 118.1.umi-core
  • 119.2.module-federation
  • 119.1.module-federation
  • 120.create-react-app
  • 121.react-scripts
  • 122.react-optimize
  • 123.jsx-runtime
  • 124.next.js
  • 125.1.linux
  • 125.2.linux-vi
  • 125.3.linux-user
  • 125.4.linux-auth
  • 125.5.linux-shell
  • 125.6.linux-install
  • 125.7.linux-system
  • 125.8.linux-service
  • 125.9.linux-network
  • 125.10.nginx
  • 125.11.docker
  • 125.12.ci
  • 125.13.k8s
  • 125.14.k8s
  • 125.15.k8s
  • 125.16.k8s
  • 126.11.react-1
  • 126.12.react-2
  • 126.12.react-3
  • 126.12.react-4
  • 126.12.react-5
  • 126.12.react-6
  • 126.12.react-7
  • 126.12.react-8
  • 127.frontend
  • 128.rollup
  • 129.px2rem-loader
  • 130.health
  • 131.hooks
  • 132.keepalive
  • 133.vue-cli
  • 134.react18
  • 134.2.react18
  • 134.3.react18
  • 135.function
  • 136.toolkit
  • 137.lerna
  • 138.create-vite
  • 139.cli
  • 140.antd
  • 141.react-dnd
  • 142.1.link
  • 143.1.gulp
  • 143.2.stream
  • 143.3.gulp
  • 144.1.closure
  • 144.2.v8
  • 144.3.gc
  • 145.react-router-v6
  • 146.browser
  • 147.lighthouse
  • 148.1.basic
  • 148.2.basic
  • 148.3.basic
  • 148.4.basic
  • 148.5.basic
  • 149.1.vite
  • 149.2.vite
  • 149.3.vite
  • 149.4.vite
  • 150.react-window
  • 151.react-query
  • 152.useRequest
  • 153.transition
  • 154.emotion
  • 155.1.formily
  • 155.2.formily
  • 155.3.formily
  • 155.3.1.mobx.usage
  • 155.3.2.mobx.source
  • 156.vue-loader
  • 103.11.mf
  • 157.1.react18
  • 158.umi4
  • 159.rxjs
  • 159.rxjs2
  • 160.bff
  • 161.zustand
  • 162.vscode
  • 163.emp
  • 164.cors
  • 1. babel-polyfill
    • 1.1 安装
    • 1.2 targets
    • 1.3 useBuiltIns: false
      • 1.3.1 src/index.js
      • 1.3.2 webpack.config.js
    • 1.4 useBuiltIns: "entry"
      • 1.4.1 安装
      • 1.4.2 src\index.js
      • 1.4.3 webpack.config.js
    • 1.5 "useBuiltIns": "usage"
      • 1.5.1 src/index.js
      • 1.5.2 webpack.config.js
  • 2. babel-runtime
    • 2.1 安装
    • 2.2 src/index.js
  • 3. babel-plugin-transform-runtime
    • 3.1 安装
    • 3.2 webpack.config.js
    • 3.3 corejs: 3
    • 3.4 helpers: true
    • 3.5 regenerator: true
  • 4. 最佳实践
    • 4.1 项目开发
    • 4.2 类库开发
  • 5. polyfill-service

1. babel-polyfill #

  • Babel默认只转换新的Javascript语法,而不转换新的API,比如
    • Iterator, Generator, Set, Maps, Proxy, Reflect,Symbol,Promise 等全局对象
    • 在全局对象上的方法,比如说ES6在Array对象上新增了Array.find方法,Babel就不会转码这个方法
  • 如果想让这个方法运行,必须使用 babel-polyfill来转换等
  • Babel 7.4之后不再推荐使用@babel/polyfill
  • babel v7 推荐使用@babel/preset-env代替以往的诸多polyfill方案
  • babel-preset-env
  • babel-polyfill
  • babel-runtime
  • babel-plugin-transform-runtime

1.1 安装 #

npm i @babel/polyfill

1.2 targets #

  • 配置参数targets表示我们需要支持哪些平台和哪些版本
  • browserslist
{
    test: /\.js?$/,
    exclude: /node_modules/,
    use: {
        loader: 'babel-loader',
        options: {
            targets: {
                //"browsers": ["ie >= 8", "chrome >= 62"],// 推荐使用 .browserslist
                "browsers": [">1%"]
            }
        }
    }
}

1.3 useBuiltIns: false #

  • babel-polyfill 它是通过向全局对象和内置对象的prototype上添加方法来实现的。比如运行环境中不支持Array.prototype.find方法,引入polyfill, 我们就可以使用ES6方法来编写了,但是缺点就是会造成全局空间污染
  • @babel/preset-env为每一个环境的预设
  • @babel/preset-env默认只支持语法转化,需要开启useBuiltIns配置才能转化API和实例方法
  • useBuiltIns可选值包括:"usage" | "entry" | false, 默认为 false,表示不对polyfills 处理,这个配置是引入 polyfills 的关键
  • useBuiltIns: false 此时不对 polyfill 做操作。如果引入 @babel/polyfill,则无视配置的浏览器兼容,引入所有的 polyfill

1.3.1 src/index.js #

src/index.js

import '@babel/polyfill';
let sum = (a, b) => a + b;
let promise = Promise.resolve();
console.log([1, 2, 3].find(item => item === 2));

1.3.2 webpack.config.js #

webpack.config.js

const path = require('path');
module.exports = {
    mode: 'development',
    devtool: false,
    entry: './src/index.js',
    output: {
        path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
        filename: 'main.js'
    },
    module: {
        rules: [
            {
                test: /\.js?$/,
                exclude: /node_modules/,
                use: {
                    loader: 'babel-loader',
                    options: {
                        sourceType: "unambiguous",
+                       presets: [["@babel/preset-env", { useBuiltIns: false }]]
                    }
                }
            }
        ]
    },
    plugins: []
};

1.4 useBuiltIns: "entry" #

  • 在项目入口引入一次(多次引入会报错)
  • "useBuiltIns": "entry" 根据配置的浏览器兼容,引入浏览器不兼容的 polyfill。需要在入口文件手动添加 import '@babel/polyfill',会自动根据 browserslist 替换成浏览器不兼容的所有 polyfill
  • 这里需要指定 core-js 的版本,corejs默认是2,
  • 如果配置 corejs: 3, 则import '@babel/polyfill' 需要改成 import 'core-js/stable';import 'regenerator-runtime/runtime';
    • corejs默认是2
  • 50.8 KiB

1.4.1 安装 #

 npm install --save core-js@2    npm install --save core-js@3

1.4.2 src\index.js #

src\index.js core-js@2

import '@babel/polyfill';
let sum = (a, b) => a + b;
let promise = Promise.resolve();
console.log([1, 2, 3].find(item => item === 2));

core-js@3

import 'core-js/stable';
import 'regenerator-runtime/runtime';
let sum = (a, b) => a + b;
let promise = Promise.resolve();
console.log([1, 2, 3].find(item => item === 2));

1.4.3 webpack.config.js #

{
  test: /\.js?$/,
  exclude: /node_modules/,
  use: {
      loader: 'babel-loader',
      options: {
+         presets: [["@babel/preset-env", { useBuiltIns: 'entry', corejs: { version: 3 } }]]
      }
  }
}
WARNING (@babel/preset-env): We noticed you're using the `useBuiltIns` option without declaring a core-js version. Currently, we assume version 2.x when no version is passed. Since this default version will likely change in future versions of Babel, we recommend explicitly setting the core-js version you are using via the `corejs` option.
You should also be sure that the version you pass to the `corejs` option matches the version specified in your `package.json`'s `dependencies` section. If it doesn't, you need to run one of the following commands:

npm install --save core-js@2    npm install --save core-js@3

1.5 "useBuiltIns": "usage" #

  • "useBuiltIns": "usage" usage 会根据配置的浏览器兼容,以及你代码中用到的 API 来进行 polyfill,实现了按需添加
  • 当设置为usage时,polyfill会自动按需添加,不再需要手工引入@babel/polyfill

1.5.1 src/index.js #

src/index.js

console.log([1, 2, 3].find(item => item === 2));
console.log(Array.prototype.find);
console.log(Array.prototype.hasOwnProperty('find'));

1.5.2 webpack.config.js #

webpack.config.js

{
  test: /\.js?$/,
  exclude: /node_modules/,
  use: {
      loader: 'babel-loader',
      options: {
+         presets: [["@babel/preset-env", { useBuiltIns: 'usage', corejs: { version: 3 } }]]
      }
  }
}

2. babel-runtime #

  • Babel为了解决全局空间污染的问题,提供了单独的包babel-runtime用以提供编译模块的工具函数
  • 简单说 babel-runtime 更像是一种按需加载的实现,比如你哪里需要使用 Promise,只要在这个文件头部import Promise from 'babel-runtime/core-js/promise'就行了

2.1 安装 #

npm i babel-runtime --save-dev

2.2 src/index.js #

src/index.js

import Promise from 'babel-runtime/core-js/promise';
const p = new Promise(()=> {});

3. babel-plugin-transform-runtime #

  • @babel/plugin-transform-runtime插件是为了解决
    • 多个文件重复引用 相同helpers(帮助函数)=>提取运行时
    • 新API方法全局污染 -> 局部引入
  • 启用插件babel-plugin-transform-runtime后,Babel就会使用babel-runtime下的工具函数
  • babel-plugin-transform-runtime插件能够将这些工具函数的代码转换成require语句,指向为对babel-runtime的引用
  • babel-plugin-transform-runtime 就是可以在我们使用新 API 时自动 import babel-runtime 里面的 polyfill
    • 当我们使用 async/await 时,自动引入 babel-runtime/regenerator
    • 当我们使用 ES6 的静态事件或内置对象时,自动引入 babel-runtime/core-js
    • 移除内联babel helpers并替换使用babel-runtime/helpers 来替换

3.1 安装 #

npm i @babel/plugin-transform-runtime @babel/runtime-corejs3 --save-dev

3.2 webpack.config.js #

webpack.config.js

{
    test: /\.js?$/,
    exclude: /node_modules/,
    use: {
        loader: 'babel-loader',
        options: {
            sourceType: "unambiguous",
            presets: [["@babel/preset-env", { useBuiltIns: 'usage', corejs: { version: 3 } }]],
            plugins: [
                [
                    "@babel/plugin-transform-runtime",
                    {
                        corejs: 3,
                        helpers: true,
                        regenerator: true
                    }
                ],
            ]
        }
    }
 }

3.3 corejs: 3 #

  • 当我们使用 ES6 的静态事件或内置对象时自动引入 babel-runtime/core-js
    //var _Promise = __webpack_require__("./node_modules/@babel/runtime-corejs3/core-js-stable/promise.js");
    const p = new Promise(() => { });
    console.log(p);

3.4 helpers: true #

  • 移除内联babel helpers并替换使用babel-runtime/helpers 来替换
  • 避免内联的 helper 代码在多个文件重复出现
class A {

}
class B extends A {

}
console.log(new B());

3.5 regenerator: true #

  • 是否开启generator函数转换成使用regenerator runtime来避免污染全局域
//var _regeneratorRuntime = __webpack_require__(/*! @babel/runtime-corejs3/regenerator */ "./node_modules/@babel/runtime-corejs3/regenerator/index.js");

function* gen() {

}
console.log(gen());

4. 最佳实践 #

  • @babel/preset-env和plugin-transform-runtime二者都可以设置使用corejs来处理polyfill

4.1 项目开发 #

  • useBuiltIns使用usage
  • plugin-transform-runtime只使用其移除内联复用的辅助函数的特性,减小打包体积
    {
      "presets": [
          [
              "@babel/preset-env",
              {
                  "useBuiltIns": "usage",
                  "corejs": 3
              }
          ]
      ],
      "plugins": [
          [
              "@babel/plugin-transform-runtime",
              {
                  "corejs": false
              }
          ]
      ]
    }

4.2 类库开发 #

  • 类库开发尽量不使用污染全局环境的polyfill,因此@babel/preset-env只发挥语法转换的功能
  • polyfill由@babel/plugin-transform-runtime来处理,推荐使用core-js@3
{
    "presets": [
        [
            "@babel/preset-env"
        ]
    ],
    "plugins": [
        [
            "@babel/plugin-transform-runtime",
            {
                "corejs": {
                    "version": 3
                }
            }
        ]
    ]
}

5. polyfill-service #

  • polyfill.io自动化的 JavaScript Polyfill 服务
  • polyfill.io通过分析请求头信息中的 UserAgent 实现自动加载浏览器所需的 polyfills
<script src="https://polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js"></script>

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